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  2. Adverse outcome pathways: A conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment

    Gerald T. Ankley, Richard S. Bennett, Russell J. Erickson, et al. · 2009 · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · 2,625 citations

    Ecological risk assessors face increasing demands to assess more chemicals, with greater speed and accuracy, and to do so using fewer resources and experimental animals. New approaches in biological and computational sciences may be able to generate mechanistic information that could help in meeting these challenges. However, to use mechanistic data to support chemical assessments, there is a need for effective translation of this information into endpoints meaningful to ecological risk-effects on survival, development, and reproduction in individual organisms and, by extension, impacts on populations. Here we discuss a framework designed for this purpose, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP).

  3. Adaptation, migration or extirpation: climate change outcomes for tree populations

    Sally N. Aitken, Sam Yeaman, Jason A. Holliday, et al. · 2008 · Evolutionary Applications · 2,207 citations

    Species distribution models predict a wholesale redistribution of trees in the next century, yet migratory responses necessary to spatially track climates far exceed maximum post-glacial rates. The extent to which populations will adapt will depend upon phenotypic variation, strength of selection, fecundity, interspecific competition, and biotic interactions. Populations of temperate and boreal trees show moderate to strong clines in phenology and growth along temperature gradients, indicating substantial local adaptation. Traits involved in local adaptation appear to be the product of small effects of many genes, and the resulting genotypic redundancy combined with high fecundity may facili

  4. Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review

    Ali Raza, Ali Razzaq, Sundas Saher Mehmood, et al. · 2019 · Plants · 1,750 citations

    Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change of atmospheric CO₂ or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide

  5. On and Off the 'Net: Scales for Social Capital in an Online Era

    Dmitri Williams · 2006 · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · 1,320 citations

    Scholars investigating the relationship between the Internet and social capital have been stymied by a series of obstacles, some due to theoretical frameworks handed down unchanged from television research, and some due to the lack of an appropriate yardstick. For example, the social interactions that occur through television are prima facie different from those that occur online. Given this basic functional difference, we cannot approach social capital research in an online era with the same set of assumptions and measures. To address this gap in the literature and in our measurement toolkits, this article reports on the development and validation of the Internet Social Capital Scales, or I

  6. The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update

    Jürgen Rehm, Gerhard Gmel, Gerrit Gmel, et al. · 2017 · Addiction · 1,212 citations

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol use is a major contributor to injuries, mortality and the burden of disease. This review updates knowledge on risk relations between dimensions of alcohol use and health outcomes to be used in global and national Comparative Risk Assessments (CRAs). METHODS: Systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses on alcohol consumption and health outcomes attributable to alcohol use. For dimensions of exposure: volume of alcohol use, blood alcohol concentration and patterns of drinking, in particular heavy drinking occasions were studied. For liver cirrhosis, quality of alcohol was additionally considered. For all outcomes (mortality and/or morbidity): cause of death and

  7. Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes

    Scott Reeves, Ferruccio Pelone, Reema Harrison, et al. · 2017 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 1,139 citations

    BACKGROUND: Poor interprofessional collaboration (IPC) can adversely affect the delivery of health services and patient care. Interventions that address IPC problems have the potential to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of practice-based interventions designed to improve interprofessional collaboration (IPC) amongst health and social care professionals, compared to usual care or to an alternative intervention, on at least one of the following primary outcomes: patient health outcomes, clinical process or efficiency outcomes or secondary outcomes (collaborative behaviour). SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL (2015, issue 11), MEDLINE, CI

  8. Peer Relationships in Adolescence

    B. Bradford Brown, James H. Larson · 2009 · 1,092 citations

    Scope and Objectives Conventional Wisdom About Peer Relations Peer-Related Characteristics of Individuals Peer Relationship Processes Contextual Influences on Adolescent Peer Relations Final Comments

  9. The Third-Level Digital Divide: Who Benefits Most from Being Online?

    Alexander Johannes Aloysius Maria van Deursen, Ellen Helsper · 2015 · 938 citations

    Abstract Purpose Research into the explanations of digital inclusion has moved from investigations of skills and usage to tangible outcomes, what we label here as the third-level digital divide. There is a lack of theoretical development about which types of people are most likely to benefit. Understanding how achieving outcomes of internet use is linked to other types of (dis)advantage is one of the most complex aspects of digital inclusion research because very few reliable and valid measures have been developed. In the current study we took a first step toward creating an operational framework for measuring tangible outcomes of internet use and linking these to the inequalities identified

  10. CHAPTER 1: AUA GUIDELINE ON MANAGEMENT OF STAGHORN CALCULI: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

    Glenn M. Preminger, Dean G. Assimos, James E. Lingeman, et al. · 2005 · The Journal of Urology · 915 citations

    No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology: Urolithiasis/Endourology1 Jun 2005CHAPTER 1: AUA GUIDELINE ON MANAGEMENT OF STAGHORN CALCULI: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS GLENN M. PREMINGER, DEAN G. ASSIMOS, JAMES E. LINGEMAN, STEPHEN Y. NAKADA, MARGARET S. PEARLE, and J. STUART WOLF GLENN M. PREMINGERGLENN M. PREMINGER , DEAN G. ASSIMOSDEAN G. ASSIMOS , JAMES E. LINGEMANJAMES E. LINGEMAN , STEPHEN Y. NAKADASTEPHEN Y. NAKADA , MARGARET S. PEARLEMARGARET S. PEARLE , and J. STUART WOLFJ. STUART WOLF View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000161171.67806.2aAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTw

  11. Strategic misrepresentation in online dating: The effects of gender, self-monitoring, and personality traits

    Jeffrey A. Hall, Namkee Park, Hayeon Song, et al. · 2010 · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · 261 citations

    This study examines factors (including gender, self-monitoring, the big five personality traits, and demographic characteristics) that influence online dating service users’ strategic misrepresentation (i.e., the conscious and intentional misrepresentation of personal characteristics). Using data from a survey of online dating service users (N = 5,020), seven categories of misrepresentation — personal assets, relationship goals, personal interests, personal attributes, past relationships, weight, and age — were examined. The study found that men are more likely to misrepresent personal assets, relationship goals, personal interests, and personal attributes, whereas women are more likely to m

  12. Exploring online dating and customer relationship management

    Alan D. Smith · 2005 · Online Information Review · 22 citations

    PurposeTo explore and add insight to the online‐dating services phenomena which is the next product and beneficiary of the internet revolution that offers customers a convenient and affordable alternate to traditional methods of dating.Design/methodology/approachEmpirically investigated through conceptual models and statistical methods was the value proposition of online matchmaking services, which boils down to the ability to provide appropriate matches through successfully business‐to‐customer (B2C) customer service enhanced by the web and based on sound customer relations management practices.FindingsThe differentiation of the marketplace includes unique ways to collect user‐based informa

  13. Relationship experiences of transgender and non-binary adults: Exploring dating goals, relationship structures, minority stress, sexual fetishization, and relationship victimization

    Jazmine Perez, C. Pepping · 2024 · International Journal of Transgender Health · 18 citations

    Abstract Objective Here we investigate the relationship experiences of TNB individuals, with a particular focus on (1) relationship status and structure; (2) dating motivations and dating app use; (3) minority stress in relational contexts, including rates and experiences of fetishization, and minority stress-related difficulties in relationship formation and maintenance; (4) rates of relationship violence, victimization, and online harassment; and (5) relationship outcomes, namely sexual and relationship satisfaction. Method 316 TNB adults (M age = 26.84 years, SD = 7.47) completed a survey to assess their relationship experiences. Results Just over half the sample was in a romantic relatio

  14. Online Dating Is Shifting Educational Inequalities in Marriage Formation in Germany

    Gina Potarca · 2021 · Demography · 17 citations

    AbstractDigital technologies govern a large part of our social lives, including the pursuit of a romantic partner. Despite recent inquiries into the social consequences of meeting online, what remains unclear is how the link between education and union formation varies in online versus offline meeting contexts, particularly on the backdrop of growing educational gaps in marriage. Using 2008–2019 pairfam data from Germany (N = 3,561), this study ran a series of Fine-Gray competing risks models to assess how online dating shapes the transition to marriage for partnered adults with nontertiary and tertiary education. Results reveal that irrespective of education, men in online-formed couples ha

  15. Online Dating and Mental Health among Young Sexual Minority Black Men: Is Ethnic Identity Protective in the Face of Sexual Racism?

    Ryan M. Wade, Matthew M Pear · 2022 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · 15 citations

    Racialized Sexual Discrimination (RSD), also known as ‘sexual racism,’ is pervasive within online dating venues. RSD is associated with poor mental health outcomes among young sexual minority Black men (YSMBM), and there is limited research on factors that may mitigate this association. Ethnic identity has been identified as a potential protective factor for racial/ethnic minorities who encounter racialized stressors, though some evidence suggests that ethnic identity may also intensify the negative effects of racial discrimination. Using data from a cross-sectional web-survey of YSMBM (n = 690), a series of linear regression models were estimated to examine the moderating effect of ethnic i

  18. Algorithm awareness in online dating: associations with mate-searching difficulty and future expectancies among U.S. online daters

    Junwen M. Hu, Emily S. Zhan · 2024 · Behaviour & Information Technology · 8 citations

    ABSTRACT Prior research has produced contradictory findings regarding online daters’ potential to navigate the algorithmic systems to find compatible matches. Drawing upon a structuration algorithm media effects model, we examine whether online daters with a higher level of algorithm awareness experience less online mate-searching difficulty and report more optimism and hope after using online dating services. Analysing data from a national representative sample of American online daters (N = 871), we found that, in general, algorithm awareness was negatively related to mate-searching difficulty, which was negatively related to optimism but not hope. In addition, the relationship between alg

  20. Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship

    María José Díaz-Aguado, Rosario Martínez-Arias · 2022 · Frontiers in Psychology · 7 citations

    There has been little investigation of male adolescent violence against women as acknowledged by boys themselves, and even less on such violence in different contexts with comparative studies of behavior between those who perpetrate this violence and the population at large. This study used cluster analysis to establish a male adolescent typology based on boys’ self-reporting of violence against women in three contexts. The participants were 3,132 Spanish teenage boys aged 14–18 with experience of relationships with girls. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (69.8%), ofnon-violentboys; the second group (26%), more involved insexual harassment onlineoutside a rel

  21. Listening and responsiveness in getting-acquainted processes.

    S. Sprecher · 2023 · Current opinion in psychology · 4 citations

    Listening and being responsive to another's turns at disclosure are essential processes that occur at all stages of a relationship, including and perhaps particularly at the formation stage. This article discusses research on the role of responsiveness and listening in contributing to positive outcomes from getting-acquainted interactions. Integral to listening and responsiveness in the getting-acquainted process is asking questions, which is also discussed in this article. Because getting-acquainted interactions can occur in different communication modalities and also with artificial intelligence (AI), variation in the degree to which listening and responsiveness occur as a function of the

  22. Dating across and hooking 'up': Status and relationship formation at an elite liberal arts university

    K. Kilanski, David McClendon · 2017 · Demographic Research · 4 citations

    BACKGROUND Demographic research on assortative mating underplays the role of social status in shaping partnering behavior, yet qualitative research suggests social status is critical in shaping partner desirability and structuring opportunities for partners to meet. OBJECTIVE This study investigates how social status of sororities and fraternities shapes relationship formation between women and men on a college campus. METHODS We draw on data from an online survey of sorority women at an elite liberal arts university about their romantic and sexual lives. RESULTS While status homophily is the dominant pattern in romantic relationships (dating ‘across’), sorority women up and down the status

  23. Intimacy in the App Age

    A. Rochadiat, S. Tong, E. F. Corriero · 2020 · 3 citations

    The increasingly connected world calls into question how the mobile technology that is relied on for so many daily tasks also transforms how people meet romantic partners, interact with them, and decide whether to establish or forgo relationships. This chapter explores how romantic relationship processes and outcomes are simultaneously altered, supported, and facilitated by applications native to mobile devices. The authors begin with a description of mobile dating, highlighting the features and affordances characteristic to mobile dating applications, as opposed to online dating. They then examine how individuals use mobile communication technology in the relational initiation phase: (1) go

  24. Does Online Dating Challenge Gendered Divisions of Household Labor?

    Gina Potarca, Jennifer L. Hook · 2023 · Social Forces · 3 citations

    Abstract:Online dating has modified how people find and select partners. In addition to outcomes already observed (e.g., exogamy), we argue that by subverting normative dating scripts, online courtship practices may set the course for partnerships that display more egalitarian divisions of routine household labor. This may be particularly true for the married and for lower-educated women, who generally report the least egalitarian allocation of domestic work. Furthermore, we posit that the relationship between meeting context and household labor will be partially explained by the selectivity of those who search for partners online but also by mechanisms specific to online dating that allow f

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