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Research papers on Small modular reactors

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  8. Nuclear waste from small modular reactors

    Lindsay Krall, Allison Macfarlane, Rodney C. Ewing · 2022 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 124 citations

    Small modular reactors (SMRs; i.e., nuclear reactors that produce <300 MW elec each) have garnered attention because of claims of inherent safety features and reduced cost. However, remarkably few studies have analyzed the management and disposal of their nuclear waste streams. Here, we compare three distinct SMR designs to an 1,100-MW elec pressurized water reactor in terms of the energy-equivalent volume, (radio-)chemistry, decay heat, and fissile isotope composition of (notional) high-, intermediate-, and low-level waste streams. Results reveal that water-, molten salt–, and sodium-cooled SMR designs will increase the volume of nuclear waste in need of management and disposal by factor

  12. Overview of Small Modular and Advanced Nuclear Reactors and Their Role in the Energy Transition

    J. Nøland, M. Hjelmeland, Christian Hartmann, et al. · 2025 · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · 26 citations

    There is an unprecedented need to expand the toolbox of solutions to boost the scalability of clean power and energy systems. Amidst this challenge, nuclear energy is increasingly recognized as an important player in the path toward deep decarbonization of the global energy mix. This paper presents a technology review of small modular reactor (SMR) concepts currently under development and deployment. Both conventional and next-generation reactor technologies are evaluated with a focus on potential power system integration benefits, added system values, and provision of system-bearing services. Nevertheless, there are currently some uncertainties in the techno-economic competitiveness of SMRs

  14. Economic Feasibility of Energy Supply by Small Modular Nuclear Reactors on Small Islands: Case Studies of Jeju, Tasmania and Tenerife

    Sanghyun Hong, Barry W. Brook · 2018 · Energies · 22 citations

    Small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) offer the promise of providing carbon-free electricity and heat to small islands or isolated electricity grids. However, the economic feasibility of SMRs is highly system-dependent and has not been studied in this context. We selected three case-study islands for such an evaluation: Jeju, Tasmania and Tenerife based on their system complexity. We generated 100,000 electricity-mix cases stochastically for each island and examined the system-level generation-cost changes by incrementing the average generation cost of SMRs from USD$60 to 200 MWh−1. SMRs were found to be economically viable when average generation cost was <$100 MWh−1 for Jeju and <$14

  16. The Future of Nuclear Energy: Key Chemical Aspects of Systems for Developing Generation III+, Generation IV, and Small Modular Reactors

    K. Kiegiel, Dagmara Chmielewska-Śmietanko, I. Herdzik-Koniecko, et al. · 2025 · Energies · 19 citations

    Nuclear power plants have the lowest life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity and produce more electricity with less land use compared to any other low-carbon-emission-based energy source. There is growing global interest in Generation IV reactors and, at the same time, there is great interest in using small modular reactors. However, the development of new reactors introduces new engineering and chemical challenges critical to advancing nuclear energy safety, efficiency, and sustainability. For Generation III+ reactors, water chemistry control is essential to mitigate corrosion processes and manage radiolysis in the reactor’s primary circuit. Generation IV reactors, such as molten salt

  20. Carbon reduction and nuclear energy policy U-turn: the necessity for an international treaty on small modular reactors (SMR) new nuclear technology

    Chinenye Nriezedi-Anejionu · 2024 · Carbon Management · 8 citations

    Abstract Pressure to reduce carbon emission and meet Net-zero targets is forcing countries to re-introduce nuclear energy in their energy-mix. As a result, many countries have re-classified nuclear energy as a green energy to encourage investments and developments in this sector. Further, advances in nuclear energy technology have led to the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMR), which has continued to stimulate increasing interests from both developed and developing countries. Hence, it is expected that in the coming years, there would be increased deployment of SMR across the globe. This renewed interest in nuclear energy and expected global deployment of the novel SMR, would encount

  23. Advancing Nuclear Energy: Generation-IV and Small Modular Reactors in Nuclear Waste Management & Recycling Technology (A Short Review)

    Bahman Zohuri · 2023 · Journal of Waste Management & Recycling Technology · 6 citations

    Nuclear energy remains a promising solution for a sustainable energy future, yet the challenge of managing radioactive waste has hindered its full potential. This article explores how Generation-IV and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are revolutionizing nuclear waste management and recycling.

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