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Research papers on Long COVID

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  3. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact

    Hannah Davis, Gina Assaf, Lisa McCorkell, et al. · 2021 · EClinicalMedicine · 3,008 citations

    BACKGROUND: A significant number of patients with COVID-19 experience prolonged symptoms, known as Long COVID. Few systematic studies have investigated this population, particularly in outpatient settings. Hence, relatively little is known about symptom makeup and severity, expected clinical course, impact on daily functioning, and return to baseline health. METHODS: We conducted an online survey of people with suspected and confirmed COVID-19, distributed via COVID-19 support groups (e.g. Body Politic, Long COVID Support Group, Long Haul COVID Fighters) and social media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook). Data were collected from September 6, 2020 to November 25, 2020. We analyzed responses from 3762

  5. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19

    Yan Xie, Evan Xu, Benjamin Bowe, et al. · 2022 · Nature Medicine · 2,115 citations

    The cardiovascular complications of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well described, but the post-acute cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 have not yet been comprehensively characterized. Here we used national healthcare databases from the US Department of Veterans Affairs to build a cohort of 153,760 individuals with COVID-19, as well as two sets of control cohorts with 5,637,647 (contemporary controls) and 5,859,411 (historical controls) individuals, to estimate risks and 1-year burdens of a set of pre-specified incident cardiovascular outcomes. We show that, beyond the first 30 d after infection, individuals with COVID-19 are at increased risk of incident cardiovascula

  6. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care

    Trisha Greenhalgh, Matthew Knight, Christine A’Court, et al. · 2020 · BMJ · 1,786 citations

    Management of covid-19 after the first three weeks is currently based on limited evidence Approximately 10% of people experience prolonged illness after covid-19 Many such patients recover spontaneously (if slowly) with holistic support, rest, symptomatic treatment, and gradual increase in activity Home pulse oximetry can be helpful in monitoring breathlessness Indications for specialist assessment include clinical concern along with respiratory, cardiac, or neurological symptoms that are new, persistent, or progressive the

  8. Characterising long COVID: a living systematic review

    Melina Michelen, Lakshmi Manoharan, Natalie Elkheir, et al. · 2021 · BMJ Global Health · 982 citations

    Background While it is now apparent clinical sequelae (long COVID) may persist after acute COVID-19, their nature, frequency and aetiology are poorly characterised. This study aims to regularly synthesise evidence on long COVID characteristics, to help inform clinical management, rehabilitation strategies and interventional studies to improve long-term outcomes. Methods A living systematic review. Medline, CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health (Ovid), WHO Global Research on COVID-19 database, LitCovid and Google Scholar were searched till 17 March 2021. Studies including at least 100 people with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 at 12 weeks or more post onset were included. Risk of bias was

  9. Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms

    A. Proal, M. VanElzakker · 2021 · Frontiers in Microbiology · 920 citations

    The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across the globe, a subset of patients who sustain an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are developing a wide range of persistent symptoms that do not resolve over the course of many months. These patients are being given the diagnosis Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). It is likely that individual patients with a PASC diagnosis have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, none of which are mutually exclusive. This paper details mechanisms by which RNA viruses beyond just SARS-CoV-2 have be connected to long-term health

  10. Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus

    B. Raman, D. Bluemke, T. Lüscher, et al. · 2022 · European Heart Journal · 680 citations

    Abstract Emerging as a new epidemic, long COVID or post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition characterized by the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms beyond 3 months, is anticipated to substantially alter the lives of millions of people globally. Cardiopulmonary symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and autonomic manifestations such as postural orthostatic tachycardia are common and associated with significant disability, heightened anxiety, and public awareness. A range of cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities has been reported among patients beyond the acute phase and include myocardial inflammation, myocardial infarction, right ventricular dys

  11. Persistent clotting protein pathology in Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is accompanied by increased levels of antiplasmin

    E. Pretorius, M. Vlok, C. Venter, et al. · 2021 · Cardiovascular Diabetology · 545 citations

    Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-induced infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is characterized by acute clinical pathologies, including various coagulopathies that may be accompanied by hypercoagulation and platelet hyperactivation. Recently, a new COVID-19 phenotype has been noted in patients after they have ostensibly recovered from acute COVID-19 symptoms. This new syndrome is commonly termed Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Here we refer to it as Long COVID/PASC. Lingering symptoms persist for as much as 6 months (or longer) after acute infection, where COVID-19 survivors complain of recurring fatigue or mus

  12. Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

    E. Pretorius, C. Venter, G. J. Laubscher, et al. · 2022 · Cardiovascular Diabetology · 252 citations

    Background Fibrin(ogen) amyloid microclots and platelet hyperactivation previously reported as a novel finding in South African patients with the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), might form a suitable set of foci for the clinical treatment of the symptoms of Long COVID/PASC. A Long COVID/PASC Registry was subsequently established as an online platform where patients can report Long COVID/PASC symptoms and previous comorbidities. Methods In this study, we report on the comorbidities and persistent symptoms, using data obtained from 845 South African Long COVID/PASC patients. By using a previously published scoring system for fibrin amy

  13. Global Prevalence of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

    C. Chen, S. Haupert, L. Zimmermann, et al. · 2021 · 53 citations

    Importance As SARS-CoV-2 pervades worldwide, considerable focus has been placed on the longer lasting health effects of the virus on the human host and on the anticipated healthcare needs. Objective The primary aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), commonly known as long COVID, across the world and to assess geographic heterogeneities through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A second aim is to provide prevalence estimates for individual symptoms that have been commonly reported as PASC, based on the existing literature. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, and iSearch for preprints from medRxiv, bioRxiv, SSRN, and others, were searched on Jul

  14. Prevalence and determinants of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) among adults in Mexico during 2022: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative data

    O. Bello-Chavolla, C. Fermín-Martínez, D. Ramírez-García, et al. · 2024 · Lancet Regional Health - Americas · 40 citations

    Summary Background Post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) remains a concerning long-term complication of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to characterize the epidemiology of PASC in Mexico during 2022 and identify potential associations of covariates with PASC prevalence using nationally representative data. Methods We analyzed data from the 2022 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) from 24,434 participants, representing 85,521,661 adults ≥20 years. PASC was defined using both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) definition and a PASC score ≥12. Estimates of PASC prevalence were stratified by age, sex, rural vs. urban setting, social lag quart

  15. The health impact of long COVID: a cross-sectional examination of health-related quality of life, disability, and health status among individuals with self-reported post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection at various points of recovery

    Casey R. Tak · 2023 · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · 35 citations

    1. Individuals with long COVID self-report persistently low levels of health-related quality of life, high levels of disability, and low levels of physical and mental health, many months post infection. 2. There was no significant relationship detected between the self-reported severity of acute infection and the self-reported severity of long COVID symptoms. Objective The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has continued to present a significant burden to global public health efforts. The purpose of this study was to estimate the health-related quality of life, disability, and health status of individuals with self-reported long COVID at various lengths of recovery. Methods We conducted a cross-se

  17. Combined triple treatment of fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with Long COVID/ Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) can resolve their persistent symptoms

    E. Pretorius, C. Venter, G. J. Laubscher, et al. · 2021 · 25 citations

    We recognise that fibrin(ogen) amyloid microclots and platelet hyperactivation, that we have previously observed in COVID-19 and Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) patients, might form a suitable set of foci for the clinical treatment of the symptoms of long COVID/PASC. We first report on the comorbidities and symptoms found in a cohort of 845 South African Long COVID/PASC patients who filled in the South African Long COVID/PASC registry, of which hypertension and high cholesterol levels (dyslipidaemia) were the most important comorbidities. The gender balance (70% female) and the most commonly reported Long COVID/PASC symptoms (fatigue, brain fog, loss of concentration and

  18. Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) and the Urgent Need to Identify Diagnostic Biomarkers and Risk Factors

    D. Parums · 2024 · Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research · 23 citations

    Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as post-COVID-19 condition or post-COVID syndrome, can affect anyone infected with SARS-CoV-2, regardless of age or the severity of the initial symptoms of COVID-19. Long COVID/PASC is the continuation or development of new symptoms after three months from the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, which lasts for at least two months and has no other identifiable cause. Long COVID/PASC occurs in 10–20% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The most common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive impairment (brain fog), and shortness of breath. However, more than 200 symptoms have been reported. No phenotypic or diagnostic biomar

  19. Tissue injury and leukocyte changes in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: review of 2833 post-acute patient outcomes per immune dysregulation and microbial translocation in long COVID.

    Md. Sahidul Islam, Zhaoxiong Wang, M. Abdel-Mohsen, et al. · 2023 · Journal of leukocyte biology · 22 citations

    A significant number of persons with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience persistent, recurrent, or new symptoms several months after the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This phenomenon, termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID, is associated with high viral titers during acute infection, a persistently hyperactivated immune system, tissue injury by NETosis-induced micro-thrombofibrosis (NETinjury), microbial translocation, complement deposition, fibrotic macrophages, the presence of autoantibodies, and lymphopenic immune environments. Here, we review the current literature on the immunological imbalances t

  20. A Scoping Review on Long COVID-19: Physiological and Psychological Symptoms Post-Acute, Long-Post and Persistent Post COVID-19

    Krishna Mohan Surapaneni, Manmohan Singhal, Sofia Rani Saggu, et al. · 2022 · Healthcare · 15 citations

    Background: The identification of persistent symptoms of chronic/long COVID-19 is crucial in understanding the management of long haulers of post COVID-19. Methods: Pub Med (Medline) database was scoped for original articles based on a search strategy related to the objectives. The selected articles post-screening were analyzed for variables relating to chronic/long COVID-19. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 33 studies were reviewed. A total of 60% of the studies were observational studies and most of them were from high income countries. Almost half of the studies were in phase 3 of post-COVID-19, i.e., symptoms lasting >24 weeks. Among the physiolo

  21. Impact of Pre-Existing Comorbidities and Multimorbidities, Demography and Viral Variants on Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 ('Long COVID') in Dutch Primary Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Matthijs S. Berends, Maarten Homburg, Thijmen Kupers, et al. · 2025 · International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 6 citations

    INTRODUCTION Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), or Long COVID, involves persistent symptoms following acute infection, posing a global health challenge. While a growing number of studies have investigated potential predictors and risk factors, uncertainties remain regarding their consistency and clinical applicability. This study investigates PASC prevalence, comorbidities, demographics, and viral variants using Dutch primary care electronic healthcare records (EHR). METHODS A retrospective cohort study used EHR data from 59 general practices in northern Netherlands, including 19,638 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. PASC was identified via W

  22. Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in Children and Adolescents

    D. Setiabudi, Buti A. Azhali, Muhammad Akbar Tirtosudiro, et al. · 2024 · Clinical Medicine & Research · 6 citations

    Introduction: Few studies of children with long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) or post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 (PASC) have been reported. Those terms describe symptoms that persist for weeks or months or as new symptoms that develop after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This condition might be found to various degrees in the severity of COVID-19. This study aimed to describe long COVID in confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected children. Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital between January and November 2021. Participants: Children, age 5–17 years, with virologically confirmed COVID?19. Methods: This study was conducted by completing an electronic form after infor

  23. Potential of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa) in the Management of Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms - An Insight.

    Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Abdurazak Hassan Jumale, Ibrahim Ramadan Barakat, et al. · 2023 · Infectious disorders drug targets · 6 citations

    BACKGROUND Some individuals may experience symptoms persisting for many months after the recovery from COVID-19 and patients with Long COVID are managed mainly with symptomatic treatment and supportive care. OBJECTIVE This review article focuses on the beneficial effects of black seeds (Nigella Sativa) in the management of long COVID and persistent COVID symptoms. METHODS The literature was searched in databases such as LitCOVID, Web of Science, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, medRxiv, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Embase, and reference lists to identify studies, which evaluated various effects of black seeds (N. sativa) related to signs and symptoms of Long COVID. RESULTS Black seeds (N. sa

  24. Perioperative and anesthetic considerations for post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC)/long COVID

    R. Yogendra, Alice A Perlowski, B. Johng, et al. · 2025 · Perioperative Medicine · 4 citations

    Post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC), commonly known as long COVID, presents with a broad spectrum of medical conditions and symptoms persisting beyond 3 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting over 18 million Americans and 65 million people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, to date, there are no specific clinical guidelines for the perioperative management of PASC patients. PASC is a complex, multisystemic condition leading to neurological, respiratory, and endocrine sequelae, potentially resulting from persistent viral presence, immune dysregulation, and/or end-organ damage. This manuscript discusses the implications of these sequelae on anesthesia practice, emphasizing the need for vi

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